Against Designed Bookshelves: A Photo Essay

I was once at a party with some designer shoes. They did have a person in them, but she mostly talked about the shoes, under the impression that a designer name imparted some mystic quality to them. Unfortunately, what they imparted to me was a sense that Minnie Mouse was doing well in the foot size department. Neither did they do anything for her legs, her torso, or the cut, colour, or fabric of her dress. But they were designer, and so the other guests ooed and awed while I tried to find another drink.

Unfortunately, what I like to call “designer creep” — the tendency for every consumer product to be positioned as a designed object — has infiltrated our culture to such an extent that one can no longer escape it simply by wandering off in search of gin. Beginning with the iPod in the late 90s, and buoyed by the easy credit of the pre-crash economy, design trickled down onto the high street and crept through the internet into the consciousness of average consumers. And now it’s followed me into the very last bastion of old-fashioned, unselfconscious nerdery: the library.

You can’t go a day, it seems, without running across an example of designed bookshelves. They pop up on quality book blogs and news sites, but also feature regularly in low quality “best” lists, the type of no-content content that’s so easy for time-strapped bloggers to produce. It’s not that I don’t sympathise; it can be difficult to come up with good topics on a regular basis, and an unusual or funny looking bookshelf can seem like a godsend. The problem is that few writers look at these shelves critically. Much like the Minnie Mouse shoes, they’re passed around the web being oohed and awed even though many of them barely function as bookshelves.

Yanko Design’s tagline is “Form Beyond Function”, so at least they’re honest. This gets to the heart of my problem with most designer bookcases. Design isn’t just about pushing aesthetic boundaries. It’s about making products that are beautiful and functional, whether that product is as complex as a smartphone or as simple as a ceramic pitcher.

But, in most of these bookshelf designs, function is relegated to the back-burner. The example above wastes a huge amount of space to store only fifteen, maybe thirty, volumes.  A normal set of shelves sitting in approximately the same area could hold double or triple that number of books. And all those books would be standing upright, easy to see and to pull off the shelf without pinching your fingers, and not at risk of damage because the shelf rolled and they all bumped around in their little compartments. It’s the damage-causing potential of these shelves that really drives me crazy.

This, for instance, is just terrible. So of course it won some kind of award.

“But the world is changing,” you say. “We read digitally now and don’t need to worry about damaging physical books or conserving space. We can be creative. Bookcases don’t have to be purely functional, they can represent our personalities and aspirations.”

And I agree with part of that! I’m a tech geek myself, and I appreciate the possibilities of digital reading. Not only for the books we read electronically, but for those we hold onto as physical objects. In the future there will still be physical books, but they’ll be nicer than the ones we’re used to. Instead of buying cheap paper copies of bestsellers we’ll read the latest crazes electronically. Hard copies will be produced in smaller numbers to higher standards, made to give as gifts and keep as cherished objects. Spend any time with books printed during the early modern era, or by the private presses of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and you start to see the possibilities. It’ll be the best of both worlds: free flowing digital information and beautiful physical copies of the books we love best.

So why, at precisely this moment, would you want to start buying shelves that destroy your books?

I wish this shelf, for example, was a joke. But it isn’t. I can’t find the original site for this particular model, but the same people also designed this travesty. Not a single one of the books pictured here is sitting comfortably. They’re being damaged as the dust jackets and edges of the covers wear, light attacks every surface, and the spines warp, slowly and inexorably.

We’ve also heard lots recently about bookshelf design for the “post-book world”, in which bookshelves become less about books and more about other types of objects. But does anything look happy here? I wouldn’t trust much to this curvy shelf, certainly not any antiques or objects of sentimental value, and it’s not really made to store everyday things like the sunglasses, either. This shelf just looks like a big waste of space.

But a shelf doesn’t have to be large to be a waste of space:

“I’m an idiot.”

You, too, can have a headache for only $959.

This refugee from a third-rate Cubist’s studio is Autumn, by Domodinamica. The blog where I sourced the image described it in this way,

Autum [sic] is a shelving system that gives a new take on the standard bookshelf. It is uniquely designed to give the effect of a leafless tree… With varying heights and widths you can find storage for numerous items that wouldn’t usually fit on a book shelf.

Newsflash: most items meant to go on bookshelves fit on normal bookshelves.

This example demonstrates the problem with many of these shelves: they’re designed without the books in mind. Instead of thinking “How can I make the books and the shelves look good together?” the designer wonders, “How can I make a shelf that looks cool, maybe like a tree?”. I’m not strictly opposed to cool shelves, and I like autumn trees. But once you start filling this shelf it all goes wrong. The books don’t look like scattered leaves on a tree. They ruin the lines of the case, and the case ruins the lines and beauty of the books.

Here’s another egregious example that pops up regularly:

The Bookworm by Ron Arad ticks all my rage boxes. By far one of the most widely available of these designs, it’s for sale in the MOMA shop and at a few high street retailers. I believe part of the appeal is that you can mount the shelf in any way you like, making a worm or even a spiral. This has been described as “daring and revolutionary” (see the last link), but in addition to being a waste of space, damaging to the books, and difficult to use, it’s ugly as sin. Books and other objects never look good on it — just do an image search to see people’s photos of the completed shelves. It’s the disconnect between the flowing lines of the shelf and the straight lines of the books, which end up clumped together at odd intervals. Again, I’m all for interesting, even challenging, juxtapositions where appropriate in design, but this just looks cheap and gimmicky.

The argument in these designs’ favour is that the whole point is to push boundaries. But artists, fashion designers, and engineers become great because they force on the viewer new ideas and perspectives. I’m not sure what these bookshelf designs are supposed to accomplish, but it’s certainly not that. A big round bookshelf with room for 15 books doesn’t make me question the nature of the book or its role in my life, just how to get a volume off the shelf without jamming my fingers. Though if you bought one you would have to question why you have books at all if they’re barely visible, inconveniently stored, and getting damaged by the very thing that’s supposed to protect them.

These problems are by no means restricted to bookshelves; I’ve run across lots of other design travesties in technology and home decorating. The difference is that an annoying can opener can be left harmlessly in a drawer, but once your books are broken they’re broken forever. If this is the future of “shelving systems”, just give me an e-reader and be done with it.

Antiques Roadshow Here I Come

At the end of June I was in York for a few days doing research, arriving on a Sunday morning to spend the day getting oriented (priority #1: non-touristy sources of food) and exploring the city.  Mon-Wed were devoted to archival research with some lunch breaks that included enormous ice cream cones and basking in the garden next to the local museum.  The museum was my favorite attraction because the medieval life exhibit included a clump of dirty hair under plexiglas with absolutely no explanation other than a sign reading ‘HAIR!’

One afternoon I had some free time and wandered into a nice antiques shop where I found, amongst Roman coins and Norman belt buckles, what was described as a 13th-14th century bone dip pen found in the Thames.  It was really lovely—very smooth with a creamy, light brown patina.  One end was carved and polished into a simple nib shape and the other end left with the joint intact.  It was also slightly curved and fit very naturally into my hand.  I wasn’t quite sure about it, though, because I’d never heard of a bone dip pen, only quill and reed.  It also didn’t have a groove to hold ink, so I thought it might actually be a stylus for wax tablets.  But it was very inexpensive (I can imagine the antique dealer’s thought process: ‘This is really cool.  But who on earth is looking for an old bone dip pen?  Better price it low or it’ll never move.’  He’d definitely never met me.) so I bought it, thinking that if it turned out to just be an old broken bone I wouldn’t be out much, but if it was authentic I’d have gotten a deal on something really special that’s related to my career.  After all, what are the odds I’d ever run across something similar?

Back at home I got in touch with Alan Cole of the Museum of Writing, who had given me quill pen cutting lessons in December.  He took a look at my pen and agreed that the antique shop’s analysis was probably correct, even though there was no groove for ink.  Wax styli are usually made with a different point, and the Museum of Writing contains Roman and medieval pens in the same shape that are made of other materials such as metal, and they also lack a groove.  But he’s never seen anything comparable to mine made from bone.  While he couldn’t verify the date, he said that there was no reason to think it wasn’t medieval, or potentially older.  (In the shop it was grouped with other medieval items found at the same time in the river, so I assume that was how it was dated.)  While there’s the possibility it could be some other artifact, neither of us could think of anything really similar.  The closest thing would be a medieval hairpin, but those are usually carved solidly with more tapering points.

So here are some photos, and you can see my other pictures from York here.

The Golden Compasses

Last weekend I finally did some traveling, heading to Antwerp for a couple of days to see the Plantin-Moretus Museum.  On the whole, information about specific early modern printers is rare and usually gleaned from the texts they published.  In the case of the Plantin-Moretus dynasty, however, a wealth of material has been preserved in close to its original context.  Founder Christoffel Plantin, originally a bookbinder, opened a printing firm in Antwerp the 1550s.  He was a clever businessman, printing material for a range of groups including humanists, scientists, Catholics, and Protestants, and his success allowed him to expand rapidly.  In 1575 he moved the press to a new headquarters which makes up part of the museum.

Plantin was succeeded by his son-in-law, Jan Moretus I—it was common at the time for senior employees to marry into printing families with the expectation that they would inherit—and the business remained within the family until the late nineteenth century, when it was sold to the city of Antwerp.  Because of unbroken family control, and the fact that the firm remained at the same headquarters for hundreds of years, a great deal of its history is preserved, including the layout of rooms, artifacts, decor, presses, type, casting equipment, engravings, finished books, and the extensive company archives.  The museum even holds the two oldest printing presses in existence, in addition to a number of canvasses by Reubens, who was apprently a friend of the family (too bad he’s one of my least-favorite artists).  There is no other place like it in the world, and it’s a fantastic experience for anyone interested in book history.

I traveled with my friend Megan (who just happens to be another book historian living in the same hall) on the Eurostar, which I’m happy to report was one of the nicest transportation experiences of my life.  I did get patted down at security, but overall it was easy, quick, and much more pleasant than flying.  The Eurostar tickets covered our transfer to local rail at Brussels, and it was about an hour from there to Antwerp Central Station.

Our first stop in Antwerp was for a late lunch of frites, and it’s now difficult for me to entertain the thought of eating lesser fries than those in the paper boxes we carried down the main thoroughfare toward the museum.  The Plantin-Moretus publishing house is completely engrossing—far larger and more rambling than we had expected.  It’s hard to say what I enjoyed the most.  The press room was fantastic, and it was a joy to see the workshop filled with antique typecasting materials.  But it’s the experience of visiting a completely preserved publishing firm, and getting a sense of its day-to-day operation and the lives of the people who ran it, that is really special.

After the museum we wandered around the city for a while, had dinner, and drank Belgian beer at a bar filled with tourists and tacky religious icons.  The next day we explored the art and fashion museums and more of the city.  Oh, and lunch was waffles.  Which, for me, meant waffles with ice cream, chocolate sauce, and cream.  Overall a fantastic trip, and I felt that even in such a short time it was possible to get a good sense of the city.  I would definitely recommend it for anyone traveling in Europe, and I’d love to go back again during the summer months.  You can see my pictures of the museum, with explanations, here, and the set for the rest of Antwerp is here.  There is a brief history of the Plantin-Moretus firm at the museum’s website.